Iraq’s First Census in Decades: A New Chapter in Demographic Understanding

After 27 years, Iraq is set to embark on a significant national endeavor: its first population census since 1997. The government has announced a two-day nationwide curfew on November 20 and 21, marking a historic moment for a country that has faced decades of conflict and instability.

The decision, confirmed by Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani, aims to ensure a smooth and comprehensive data collection process across all Iraqi provinces. This census is crucial, not just as a statistical exercise, but as a foundation for future policy-making and national planning.

The Importance of the Census

A population census is more than just a headcount. It is an essential tool for understanding the demographic composition of a nation, providing the data necessary for effective governance. For Iraq, this census is particularly significant. The last census, conducted in 1997, excluded the three northern provinces that make up the semi-autonomous Kurdistan region. Since then, Iraq has undergone immense changes, including shifts in population distribution due to conflict, migration, and economic fluctuations.

Accurate demographic data is vital for addressing these changes. It will allow the government to allocate resources more efficiently, plan for infrastructure development, and implement social programs tailored to the needs of its citizens. Moreover, the data will be instrumental in resolving long-standing disputes over territorial boundaries and resource distribution, particularly in regions where ethnic and sectarian tensions have persisted.

Coordination with the Kurdistan Regional Government

One of the critical aspects of this census is the coordination between the Iraqi central government and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). For years, the lack of accurate population data in the Kurdistan region has been a point of contention. By finalizing coordination with the KRG, the Iraqi government aims to ensure that the census covers all regions, providing a comprehensive picture of the country’s demographic landscape.

This collaboration is not only a logistical necessity but also a symbol of the growing political stability in Iraq. Despite ongoing challenges, the ability of the central government and the KRG to work together on such a large-scale project reflects a commitment to national unity and progress.

Support from Multiple Ministries and the UN

The successful execution of the census will depend on the support of various ministries and international organizations. Local media reports indicate that several ministries are involved in the process, providing resources such as classrooms and youth centers for the training of statistical staff. This inter-ministerial cooperation is crucial for ensuring that the census is conducted efficiently and accurately.

Additionally, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has partnered with Iraqi authorities to support the census. The UNFPA’s involvement underscores the international community’s recognition of the importance of this initiative. According to the agency, the census “plays a crucial role in equipping Iraq with accurate demographic information, facilitating effective policymaking, and promoting inclusive growth.”

Overcoming the Challenges of the Past

Iraq’s history of conflict and political instability has made it difficult to conduct a census in the past. The country has postponed several attempts, most notably in 2010, due to tensions over disputed territories. The last time Iraq conducted a comprehensive census was in 1997, during a period of relative stability. However, that census only covered 15 provinces, excluding the Kurdish region in the north.

In the years since, Iraq has faced numerous challenges, including sectarian violence, the rise and fall of ISIS, and ongoing political turmoil. These factors have made it nearly impossible to organize a nationwide census. However, recent years have seen a gradual return to stability, providing the government with an opportunity to undertake this essential task.

A Look Ahead

As Iraq prepares for its first census in nearly three decades, the nation stands at a crossroads. The data collected will not only reflect the current state of the population but also shape the future of the country. It will inform decisions on everything from infrastructure development to social services, helping to build a more inclusive and equitable society.

The upcoming census represents a new chapter in Iraq’s history. It is an opportunity to move beyond the challenges of the past and lay the groundwork for a brighter future. By embracing this task, Iraq is taking a crucial step toward achieving lasting peace, stability, and prosperity for all its citizens.